1 être Verb (a)(with description, opinion) to be; je suis grand I'm tall; elle est grande she's tall; elle est grande, ta voiture, (Infml)c'est grand, ta voiture it's a big car you've got, your car's (pretty) big (b)(describing location) to be; (of person: more permanently) to be, live, be based; Paris est tout près d'ici Paris is really close by; je ne suis pas là lundi I'm not here on Monday; je suis à Paris en ce moment I'm in Paris at the moment; je suis à Paris maintenant I'm (based) in Paris now, I live in Paris now, I've moved to Paris (c)(with professions: often used without article in French) to be; je suis professeur I'm a teacher; il est programmeur he's a programmer; il veut ~ programmeur he wants to be a programmer; c'est un très bon programmeur he's a very good programmer; vous êtes (un) programmeur aussi? are you a programmer too (or) as well?
Present
je suis, tu es, il/elle est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont
Imperfect
j' étais, tu étais, il/elle était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils/elles étaient
Future
je serai, tu seras, il/elle sera, nous serons, vous serez, ils/elles seront
Perfect
j' ai été, tu as été, il/elle a été, nous avons été, vous avez été, ils/elles ont été
2 être Verb, intransitive (a)(usually literary: in sense of exist) to be; je pense donc je suis I think therefore I am; il n'est plus he is no more; il était une fois une princesse once upon a time, there was a princess; que la lumière soit let there be light
3 être Verb (a)(with compound tenses of certain verbs)être allé/venu to have been/come; je suis allé à Paris l'an dernier I went to Paris last year; je suis né en 1976 I was born in 1976 (b)(with passive) to be; ~ fabriqué aux États-Unis to be manufactured in the US; je ne suis pas persuadé par son point de vue I am not convinced by his point of view; il a été blessé dans un accident de voiture he's been injured in a car crash; j'ai été très choqué par ses remarques I was very shocked by his remarks
4 être Noun, masculine(a) being; ~ humain human being; ~ vivant animate being (b)(more fig) person, human being; les ~s qui nous sont chers our loved ones (c)(fig) heart, soul; aimer qn de tout son ~ to love sb with all one's heart (d)(Philosophy)l'~ being; l'~ et le néant being and nothingness; l'Être suprême the Supreme Being
avoir
1 avoir Verb, transitive (a) to have (slightly frm), have got possessions; il a deux voitures he's got two cars; est-ce que tu as des frères et soeurs? have you got any brothers and sisters?; il n'a pas d'argent he hasn't got any money; il a de jolis cheveux he's got nice hair (b)(descriptive construction)il a les cheveux blonds he's got blond hair; il a les yeux tous jolis he's got really nice eyes (c)(at particular moment) to get a score; il a de bonnes notes he's got good marks; j'ai eu 10 en histoire i got 10 (out of 20) for history, =i got a C for history (d)(Infml: with trick) to get, trick, catch somebody out, swizz (Slang, humorous); on m'a eu I've been had (or) done (or) swizzed
Present
j' ai, tu as, il/elle a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont
Imperfect
j' avais, tu avais, il/elle avait, nous avions, vous aviez, ils/elles avaient
Future
j' aurai, tu auras, il/elle aura, nous aurons, vous aurez, ils/elles auront
Perfect
j' ai eu, tu as eu, il/elle a eu, nous avons eu, vous avez eu, ils/elles ont eu
2 avoir Verb (a) to have sympathy, feel sympathy, hatred, cold, hunger; ~ faim/soif to be (or) feel hungry/thirsty; (Infml)~ une faim de loup to be starving (or) famished; ~ chaud/froid to be hot/cold; ~ bien faim, (Infml)~ très faim to be really hungry; je n'ai pas très faim I'm not very hungry; j'ai un peu trop froid I'm a bit too cold; (See: courage), (See: raison), (See: tort)(etc) (b)(in forming compounnd tenses) j'ai mangé I ate; I've eaten; I've been eating; il avait trop mangé/bu he'd had too much to eat/drink (c)(existence)y ~ to be; il y a, (Infml)y a there's, there is (frm)( singular); there are, there's (Infml)( plural); (il) y a du pain dans le frigo there's some bread in the fridge; (il) y a du pain dans le frigo? is there any bread in the fridge?; (Infml)y a quelque chose à la télé ce soir? is there anything on telly this evening?; il y a des pommes si tu en veux there are some apples if you want some (or) any; (Infml)y a des pommes si t'en veux there's some apples if you want some (or) any; il n'y a pas de pain there isn't any bread; (Infml)y a pas de pain there's no bread; il n'y a plus de pain there isn't any bread left; (Infml)y a plus de pain there's no bread left; il n'y avait plus de pain there was no bread left; il y avait/aura moi, toi et Danielle there was/there'll be me, you and Danielle; il y a eu de la pluie pendant la nuit it rained during the night, there was some rain during the night; il doit y ~ un couteau quelque part there must be a knife somewhere; qu'est qu'il y a? what's wrong?, what's up? (Infml); qu'est qu'il y avait? what was wrong?, what was up? (Infml)
3 avoir Verb, transitive (a)(in time)il y a trois ans three years ago; je suis allé en Autriche il y a deux semaines I went to Austria two weeks ago; il y a quatre semaines qu'il prend le bus pour aller à l'école he's been getting the bus to school for four weeks now; il y a trois mois qu'il ne mange plus de pâtes he hasn't been eating pasta for three months now, it's been three months since he last ate pasta (or) since he stopped eating pasta; il y aura un mois demain que je ne fume plus de cigarettes it'll be a month tomorrow since I stopped smoking; il y avait deux semaines hier que je ne fume qu'une cigarette par jourit was two weeks yesterday since I started smoking one cigarette a day,it was two weeks yesterday that I cut back to one cigarette a day
1 aller Noun, masculine(a) outward journey; ~ (simple) single ticket; ~ (et) retour return (ticket, journey)
2 aller Verb, intransitive (a)(of person, street) to go (à, en, to, vers, towards); ~ à Paris en voiture/à velo to drive/ride to Paris; ~ à to suit somebody (b)~ bien(of person) to be well, be OK, (of business) be going well, be going OK; ~ mal(of person) to be unwell, be suffering, (of business) be going badly, be having problems; comment vas-tu?, comment allez-vous? how are you?; (quite Infml)ça va? how are things?, how's things? (more Infml), how's it going? (Infml), how's life?; je vais bien I'm fine; ça va? - ça va how are things? - not too bad; (Infml)ça va, ça vient so-so; (Infml)"on fait ~" "shouldn't complain"; (Infml)je n'irais pas jusqu'à dire que... I woulddn't go as far as saying that...; (Infml)je n'irais pas jusque là I wouldn't go that far
Present
je vais, tu vas, il/elle va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont
Imperfect
j' allais, tu allais, il/elle allait, nous allions, vous alliez, ils/elles allaient
Future
j' irai, tu iras, il/elle ira, nous irons, vous irez, ils/elles iront
Perfect
je suis allé(e), tu es allé(e), il/elle est allé(e), nous sommes allé(e)s, vous êtes allé(e)(s), ils/elles sont allé(e)s
1 pouvoir Verb, transitive (a) to be able to; je peux, je puis(frm) I can; I may (frm), I can, I am allowed to; je pourrais I could, I might, I may; je pouvais I was able to, I could
Present
je peux, tu peux, il/elle peut, nous pouvons, vous pouvez, ils/elles peuvent
Imperfect
je pouvais, tu pouvais, il/elle pouvait, nous pouvions, vous pouviez, ils/elles pouvaient
Future
je pourrai, tu pourras, il/elle pourra, nous pourrons, vous pourrez, ils/elles pourront
Perfect
j' ai pu, tu as pu, il/elle a pu, nous avons pu, vous avez pu, ils/elles ont pu
[생각하다] 라는 뜻을 가진 규칙 동사이다. 자신의 또는 누군가의 생각이나 의견을 말할 때 사용되는 동사이다.
동사변화는 다음과 같다.
1인칭단수
Je pense
1인칭복수
Nous pensons
2인칭단수
Tu penses
2인칭복수
Vous pensez
3인칭단수
Il/Elle pense
3인칭복수
Ils/Elles pensent
1. Je pense à ma copine. 해석▶
2. Je pense que tu es intelligent. 해석▶
* 첫 번째 문장에서 je 는 [나] 를 가리키는 주어 인칭 대명사이고 penser à 는 [~를 생각하다] 라는 뜻을 가진다. Ma 는 [나의] 를 뜻하는 소유형용사이고, copine 는 [여자 친구] 를 가리키는 명사이다. [남자 친구] 는 copain 이라고 한다.
* 두 번째 문장에서 je pense que tu es 는 [나는 네가 ~하다라고 생각해] 라고 해석이 된다. Intelligent 은 [영리한, 총명한] 이라는 뜻을 가진 형용사이다. Intelligent 는 남성명사를 수식하고 intelligente 는 여성 명사를 수식한다.
No characteristic consonant (contrast, for example,
with verbs following the finir or dormir patterns,
which have a characteristic -ss- and -m- in all forms but the present tense singular);
No vowel change in the stem, other than where necessary to respect general patterns of French
phonology (e.g. see préférer)2;
Past participle in -é1.
1. Outside the regular -er paradigm, only aller,
être and naître have past participles ending in -é.
2. Many other verb patterns, except verbs of the finir type plus a few other patterns,
have an irregular vowel change, e.g. boire > je bois vs nous buvons.
See the grammar section on irregular verb patterns in French
for a list of the different vowel changes.